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Louis Cella
Louis A. Cella (November 29, 1866 — April 29, 1918) was an American capitalist, turfman, and plutocratic political financier. In 1896, he co-founded the Cella, Adler, and Tilles investment syndicate, alongside partners Cap Tilles and Samuel Adler.〔St. Louis Republic. (''"Fair Grounds to be Sold to Syndicate"'' ), March 15, 1901, Front Page. Retrieved on 8 December 2013.〕 The partnership, also known as C.A.T., dominated the Midwestern horse racing industry through World War I. At its height, C.A.T. had a controlling interest in 25 horse racing tracks.〔Carver, Nancy Ellen. ''(Talk with Tilles: Selling Life in Fort Smith, Arkansas )''. St. Louis: Xlibris Publishing, October 21, 2002, p. 177〕 Additionally, C.A.T. founded the Western Turf Association, which granted Cella and his partners near monopolistic control over jockeys, bookmakers, and horse owners in the Midwest.〔St. Louis Republic. ''("Tilles President of Fair Association" )'', March 23, 1901, Front Page. Retrieved on 30 December 2013.〕 The partnership also had one of the largest networks of bucketshops in the US, with a presence in every major city in the country. Cella was nicknamed the "Dago Saloonkeeper," a reference to his early start as a saloonist before co-founding C.A.T.〔 Cella made a fortune in real estate, commodities speculation, stock commissions, and horse racing. At the height of his career, Cella owned five large office buildings, controlled ten theaters, several hotels, and a large network of brokerages across the US.〔The Bismarck Tribune. (''"Two Turfmen Who Recently Ran Their Race Embodied All That Fiction Writers Used in Tales"'' ), May 13, 1918, p. 6. Retrieved on 1 November, 2014.〕
From 1897 to 1904, Cella and his two partners had a monopoly on the St. Louis horse racing market.〔 In 1905, gambling was abolished in Missouri after passage of the Anti-Breeders Act, and the partnership's tracks were legally forced to cease operations.〔The Spokane Press. (''"Last Days Racing in Old Missouri"'' ), Spokane, Wash., June 7, 1905, p. Retrieved on 3 January 2014.〕 Following the progressive movement's prohibition on gambling in Missouri, Cella turned his primary attention to real estate speculation and the Cella Commission Company he co-founded with his brothers.〔 In 1910, Cella was arrested by federal marshals and extradited to Washington D.C. in the Western Union bucket shop scandal.〔New-York Tribune. (''"Western Union Indicted"'' ). New York City, June 11, 1910, p. 4. Retrieved on 8 December 2013.〕 During the trial, the prosecuting federal attorney accused Cella of perjury, which was added to the charges against him.〔New York Tribune. (''"Cella Faces New Charge"'' ) July 15, 1910, Front Page. Retrieved on 2 November, 2014.〕 In 1911, Cella and his investment partners were acquitted of all charges, after the Anti-Bucket Shop Act was declared unconstitutional.〔Pittsburgh Press. (''"Anti-Bucket Shop Law is Declared Unconstitutional"'' ) March 30, 1911, p. 20. Retrieved on 2 November, 2014.〕 The ruling was seen by reformers as a setback for the progressive movement.
Cella ran for a seat in the Missouri State House of Representatives but was defeated.〔 After losing, Cella began financing a range of state politicians, becoming a key political power in the advancement of various moneyed interests.
==Early life==
Cella was one of five siblings born to John G. Cella and Mary Arad. His siblings were John, Angelo, Andrew, and Charles. His father and mother were Italians born in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, before the modern creation of Italy. At a young age, his father and mother immigrated to the United States. Cella and his siblings were born in downtown St. Louis, Missouri. As a boy, the family was poor; with Cella and his siblings helping to support the family whenever possible.
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